Islamic Invasion in India
Muhammad Bin Qasim -
Sindh ruler - Dahir
Important port - Deval (Karanchi port)
They often looted the ships coming from Persian Gulf and many a time Muhammad Bin Qasim's ship was also looted. So, in 712 AD, Muhammad Bin Qasim of Ummayad dynasty invaded Sindh area. Muhammad Bin Qasim after defeating Dahir established his rule in Singh but very soon he was eliminated by Caliphate.
Muhammad Bin Qasim ruled for almost 5 years. He further wanted to extend towards Rajasthan but was repealed by Nagbhatta (Grujara ruler).
With the arrival of Muhammad Bin Qasim, Islam arrived in Indian sub-continent and it also promoted more trade contact between Indians and Arabs.
Invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni -
By the end of 10th century AD, a volatile situation arised in middle east and west Asia. The Samanid dynasty of this area was constantly under the attack of central Asians who were followers of nature.
In this situation, Mahmud of Ghazni emerged who had two important tasks before him -
- To protect the Samanid area from central Asian
- Spread islam in the world
Ghazni was supported by his court poer 'Firdausi' who wrote Shahnama. Shahnama created indelible impact on the minds of central Asian that majority of them accepted islam and became strongest defenders of islam.
Mahmud of Ghazni decided to loot the rich temples of India. As such he invaded India 17 times. His last invasion was on the temple of Somnath in 1025 AD.
Though the image of Mahmud of Ghazni was cultural regenerator in west Asia but he was a plunderer in Indian history.
Invasion of Muhammad Ghori -
By the end of 11th century, Seljuk started to rule in west Asia. On the question of Syria, Seljuk were divided into two branches - Khwarizmi and Ghurid.
Khwarizmi Seljuks were successful in controlling Syria. As such Muhammad Ghori of Ghurid decided to divert his attention towards Indian sub-continent. The real name of Muhammad Ghori (Muhammad of Ghur) is Muizzuddin.
From 1170s, Muhammad Ghori started invading Indian territory. Though he was defeated by Raja Bhim Sholanki of Gujarat, but he was successful in annexing Ucch and Multan.
On the question of 'Tabar-i-Hind' (Bhatinda), Muhammad Ghori fought with Indian ruler Prithvi Raj Chauhan of Ajmer in First battle of Tarain (1191). Prithvi Raj Chauhan thoroughly defeated Muhammad Ghori in this battle.
Muhammad Ghori hatched a conspiracy with the ruler of Kannauj, Jaichand whose daughter Sanyogita eloped with Prithvi Raj Chauhan. As such in the second battle of Tarain (1192), Muhammad Ghori defeated Prithvi Raj Chauhan and later he was eliminated.
In 1194, the trusted slave of Ghori Qutub-ud-din Aibak defeated and killed Jaichand in the Battle of Chandavar.
In 1206, when Muhammad Ghori was killed by Khokhars Qutub-ud-din Aibak declared the establishment of Delhi Sultunate in 1206.
Next Article - Delhi Sultanate - Slave Dynasty
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Note - This is my Vision IAS Notes (Vision IAS Class Notes) and Ashutosh Pandey Sir's Public Administration Class notes. I've also added some of the information on my own.
Hope! It will help you to achieve your dream of getting selected in Civil Services Examination 👍
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