Sangam Age
Sangam Age - Time period in which Sangam literature (Tamil literature) was written. Three dynasties Cholas, Cheras and Pandayas emerged around 4th century BC. They were mentioned in Ashoka's major rock edicts II.
Cheras were mentioned as Keralaputras in the Mauryan inscription (Ashoka's major rock edicts II).
The Cheras
- Initial ruler - Udayinjeral
- Capital - Karur/Vanchi (Muziri)
- Most important ruler - Senguttuvan who was also known as 'Good Chera' or 'Red Chera'.
- He founded the temple of Kannagi (Goddess of Chestity).
- He also founded 'Pattini Cult'.
- Important ports of Cheras was Muziri.
Note - Muziri (Kerala) is the first green heritage port of India.
The Cholas
- Initial ruler - Elara
- Capital - Kaveripatnam & Puhar
- Main area - Kaveri delta
- Most important ruler - Karikala
- Perhaps, Karikala was the 1st ruler who created Kalani Dam on river Kaveri.
- Karikala defeated Cheras, Pandayas and 11 minor chieftains in the Battle of Venni.
- Most important port - Kaveripatnam and Arikamedu (Puducherry)
The Pandayas
- Initial ruler - Mudukumudi
- Capital - Madhurai
- Most important ruler - Nedujeliyan
- He is known for curse of Kannagi.
- During the tenure of Pandayas, three Sangam assemblies were held which gave rise to Tamil literature.
- Most important port - Korkai & Thuthukodi
All the three dynasties of the Sangam period were quite rich and had powerful navy.
They traded spices, ivory, pearls (present in Palk Strait) and cotton textiles with Arab traders and further to the Roman areas.
Note - Sati was prevalent among higher class during Sangam period.
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Note - This is my Vision IAS Notes (Vision IAS Class Notes) and Ashutosh Pandey Sir's Public Administration Class notes. I've also added some of the information on my own.
Hope! It will help you to achieve your dream of getting selected in Civil Services Examination 👍
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