Indian National Army and Subash Chandra Bose
Subash Chandra Bose -
- Born - at Cuttack, Odisha in 23 January 1897
- His birth date is celebrated as 'Parakram Divas'.
- Graduation - from Calcutta University
- Secured 4th rank in 1920 ICS examination.
- Political guru - Chitranjan Das (C.R. Das)
- 1st jailed in 1921 during Non-Cooperation Movement.
- 1923 - became the mayor of Calcutta
- 1938 - became the president of Haripura Session of INC
- 1939 - Bose resigned from INC presidentship and left INC
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Subash Chandra Bose was born in Cuttack, Odisha in 1897. He graduated from Calcutta University and secured 4th rank in ICS Examination in 1920.
Inspired by his political guru CR Das, he joined National Movement. In 1921 he was jailed for the first time and at a very young age in 1923 he became the mayor of Calcutta.
He took the presidentship of two INC Sessions - Haripura in 1938 and Tripuri in 1939.
INC Session of Haripura (1938)
- Subash Chandra Bose was the president of this Session.
- In this Session National Planning Committee was created under the chairmanship of Jawahar Lal Nehru.
- It was the forerunner of Planning Commission of India meant for creating a roadmap for India's industrialisation and economic development.
- Karachi Session of INC,1931 (Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel) - National Economic Plan resolution was passed
- Haripura Session of INC, 1938 (Subash Chandra Bose) - National Planning Committee was created
INC Session of Tripuri (1939)
- For 1939, Congress election Subash Chandra Bose announced his candidature knowing that he would be opposed.
- Gandhi ji approached Jawahar Lal Nehru and the to Maulana Azad to announce their candidature but they refused.
- As such Gandhi ji announced the name of Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramaiya against Subash Chandra Bose.
- In election, Subash Chandra Bose secured 1580 votes and Sitaramaiya got only 1377 votes.
- Gandhi ji took the defeat of Sitaramaiya as his own defeat and suggested Subash Chandra Bose to choose his own working committee to run the Congress.
- Govind Vallabh Pant moved a resolution expressing full confidence in old working committee as per the wishes of Gandhi ji. Though resolution was passed but Gandhi ji did not approved it.
- Since, a disasterous division was looming on Congress, Subash Chandra Bose resigned from the post of president and as such Dr. Rajendra Prasad became the new president.
After resigning from the post of presidentship, he left Congress to led the freedom struggle on his own way.
By 1921 he fled to Germany where he set up Free India Legion (Mukti Sena) with 3000 strong prisoners of war of Indian origin. Subash Chandra Bose was called 'Neta ji' by the soldiers of Mukti Sena.
Indian National Army (INA)
In 1942, the idea of Indian National Army was first concede in Malaya Peninsula by Captain Mohan Singh who created it with the prisoners of war.
He was fully supported by Rash Behari Bose (who tried to assassinate Lord Harding on 23 December 1912 by throwing a bomb. This event is known as Delhi Conspiracy Case or Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy Case. He was also associated with Ghadar Movement) and by the end of September 1942, Indian National Army came into existence.
In May 1943, Subash Chandra Bose arrived in South-East Asia and immediately took control of INA.
In October 1943, he formed Azad Hind Government (in Singapore), i.e., a provincial free Indian government in exile.
In April 1944, he established Azad Hind Bank at Rangoon.
In July 1944, Bose was the 1st person to call Gandhi ji as "the father of nation".
He gave two catch phrase (slogan) -
- Tum mujhe khoon do, main tumhe azadi dunga.
- Delhi Chalo
Bose created many regiments named after the major nationalists like Jawahar Lal Nehru, Gandhi ji, etc. Bose also created a women regiment named after Rani Lakshmi Bai (Rani of Jhansi Regiment). It was led by Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan (popularly known as Laxmi Sehgal).
Due to the ill faithed Imphal Campaign which was launched with the support of Japan's Southern Army, the attempts of INA ended in disaster. INA surrendered unconditionally to the British in Singapore in 1945.
INA trials -
In the defense of INA prisoners, many of INC leaders participated from the side of INA prisoners, which included -
- Bhula Bhai Desai
- KN Katju
- Tej Bahadur Sapru
- Jawahar Lal Nehru
- Asaf Ali and others
They appeared at the historic Red Fort trials. The pitch for the release of INA prisoners was unprecedentent.
During the INA trials of Calcutta, there was huge uproar first in November 1945 and then in February 1946 when the INA officer Rashid Ali was sentenced for 7 years of imprisonment.
Royal Indian Navy (RIN) Revolt (1946)
- It is also known as 1946 Naval Uprising.
- Near about 1100 ratings of IIMIS Talwar, Bombay went on strike to protest against treatment meted out to them, i.e., flagrant racial discrimination, unpalatable food and abuses to the boot.
- The arrest of rating BC Dutta who shouted 'British quit India' was sourly resented and it further motivated Royal Indian Navy revolt of Karachi.
- The Royal Indian Navy in Indian history is seen as last nail in the coffin of British rule.
- Arrests were made followed by Court Martial and dismissal of 476 sailors of Royal Indian Navy.
On 19 February 1946, British PM Clement Atlee declared in the house of Commons to dispatch Cabinet Mission to India which included 3 British officers.
- Stafford Cripps
- A.V. Alexander
- Petherick Lawrence
Previous Article - Communal Award & GoI Act of 1935
Next Article - Quit India Movement & Independence with Partition
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Note - This is my Vision IAS Notes (Vision IAS Class Notes) and Ashutosh Pandey Sir's Public Administration Class notes. I've also added some of the information on my own.
Hope! It will help you to achieve your dream of getting selected in Civil Services Examination 👍
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