Types of Bills
Bill - A bill is a draft of a legislative proposal which when passed by both the houses of the parliament and assented by the president (or by the state assembly and assented by the Governor in case of State) becomes an Act.
Types of Bills - Different types of the bills proposed in the parliament are given below -
- Ordinary bill
- Money bill
- Financial bill
- Constitutional amendment bill
Ordinary bill -
- Meaning - Bills other than Money bill, Financial bill and Constitutional amendment bill which are proposed to facilitate general administrative process.
- Introduction of bill - Bill can be introduced in Either of the houses (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha).
- Need for prior recommendation of the President - No (except bill related to Article 3)
- Majority needed to pass the bill - Simple majority
- Legislative power of both the houses with respect to the bill - Both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha enjoys same legislative power with respect to ordinary bill.
- In case of deadlock - Joint sitting
- Assent of the President - President can either give assent to the bill or can use any of the following veto power -
- Pocket veto
- Suspensive veto
- Absolute veto
Money Bill -
- Meaning - Bill related to Article 110 (1)(a) to Article 110 (1)(f). The Speaker of the Lok Sabha decides whether the bill is Money Bill or not and his decision is final in this regard.
- Introduction of bill - Money Bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha.
- Need for prior recommendation of the President - Yes
- Majority needed to pass the Money bill - Simple majority
- Legislative power of both the houses with respect to the Money bill - Here, Lok Sabha enjoys more power than Rajya Sabha.
- In case of deadlock - No Joint sitting (as effectively there is no deadlock).
- Assent of the President - President give assent under convention or can use Absolute veto (on the advice of the Council of Minister).
Financial Bill (Category - A) -
- Meaning - Bill related to Article 117(1).
- Introduction of bill - Financial Bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha.
- Need for prior recommendation of the President - Yes
- Majority needed to pass the Financial bill - Simple majority
- Legislative power of both the houses with respect to the Financial bill - Both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha enjoys same legislative power with respect to Financial bill.
- In case of deadlock - Joint sitting
- Assent of the President - President can either give assent to the bill or can use any of the following veto power -
- Pocket veto
- Suspensive veto
- Absolute veto
Constitutional Amendment Bill -
- Meaning - Bill related to Article 368.
- Introduction of the bill - Bill can be introduced in Either of the houses (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha).
- Need for prior recommendation of the President - No
- Majority needed to pass the bill - Special majority
- Legislative power of both the houses with respect to the bill - Both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha enjoys same legislative power with respect to ordinary bill.
- In case of deadlock - No provision of Joint sitting (Deadlock → Lapse of bill)
- Assent of the President - President gives assent under Constitutional obligation or can use Absolute veto (on the advice of the Council of ministers).
Deadlock - Deadlock over the passage of a bill presumed between the two houses when there is a final disagreement between the two houses over the passage of a bill as indicated under the following 3 cases -
- When one house passes the bill and the other house reject the bill.
- When second house does not act on the bill for 6 months after having received the bill from the originating house.
- When the second house suggest some amendments in the bill which are not acceptable to the originating house.
Then, under Article 108 in such cases the president can conveyed a Joint Sitting of both the houses to resolve the deadlock which is resolved by voting on the bill which may be approved by a simple majority.
Money Bill - A money bill is a bill that deals exclusively with one or more money matters that are specifically mentioned under Article 110 (1)(a) to (f). These money matters are -
- Article 110(1)(a) - Imposition, abolition or regulation of taxes
- Article 110(1)(b) - Borrowing of money or giving any guarantee by the Government of India.
- Article 110(1)(c) - Custody of consolidated fund or contingency fund or transforming money into or withdrawing money from these funds.
- Article 110(1)(d) - Appropriation of money out of Consolidated fund.
- Article 110(1)(e) - Declaring an expenditure as a charged expenditure or changing its quantum (value).
- Article 110(1)(f) - Receipt of money on account of Consolidated fund or Public Fund (Source of these funds).
Article 110(1)(g) - Anything indicated on above categories will be Money bill.
Financial Bill - Though money is sole objective of a money bill, the primary objective of Financial bill is a non-monetary matter. However, transactions of money from government accounts is indirectly involved or is one of the aspect of the bill, then it is called a financial bill.
It is of two types -
- Financial Bill (Category A) - If this involvement of money is mentioned under Article 110(1)(a) to (f), then it becomes financial bill category A or 1.
- Financial Bill (Category B) - If it is other than this list, then it becomes financial bill category B or 2.
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Note - This is my Vision IAS Notes (Vision IAS Class Notes) and Ashutosh Pandey Sir's Public Administration Class notes. I've also added some of the information on my own.
Hope! It will help you to achieve your dream of getting selected in Civil Services Examination 👍
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