Socio Religious Reform Movement (Islam)

Socio Religious Reform Movement

(Reform within Islam)

1.   Aligarh Movement and Sir Syed Ahmad Khan 

• Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was a loyal member of the judicial services of the government. 
• After retirement he became the member of imperial legislative council in 1878.
• He also earned Knighthood title in 1888.
• He wrote an article 'Ashab-e-bagawate hind' (Causes of the revolt of 1857) in which he rejected the notion of the revolt as a Muslim conspiracy, instead he blamed East India Company's policy of aggressive expansion as the cause of the revolt.
• He advised British to appoint Muslims in administration to avoid such revolts in future.
• He believed that modern western education is essential for Muslims to compete with Hindus. He also said that the orthodox outlook of the Muslim will threaten their own future.
• In 1875, he opened Mohammadan Anglo-Oriental College. It imparted instructions on both western Arts and Sciences and Muslim religion. This college became the nucleus for the creation of Aligarh Muslim University in 1920.
• Sir Syed Ahmad Khan condemned polygamy, purdah system, slavery, piri-muridi (Guru-Shishya parampara) and he advocated education for Muslim women also.
• He propagated his ideas through his magazine 'Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq' (improvement in manners and morals).

Aligarh Muslim Uiversity

2.   Deoband School (Darul Uloom) at Saharanpur, UP 

• It was a revivalist movement which stressed on traditional Islamic learning.
• It was founded in 1866 at Deoband by Mohd. Qasim Wanotvi and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi.
• It carried two objectives -
• Propagating the pure teachings of Quran and Hadis among the Muslims.
• Keeping alive the spirit of Jihad against the British authority.
• In 1885, it welcomed the creation of Indian National Congress (INC).
• In 1888, Deoband issued a fatwah (decree) against Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and his Organisation.

3.   Ahmadiya Movement 

• It was founded by Mirza Ghulam Mohmmad in 1889. 
• He claimed that he was awaited Mohdi (Messiah) professised by the prophet.
• This movement was based on liberal principle and it believed in the universality of the religion like Brahmo Samaj. 
• It opposed Jihad and stand for modern education among Muslims.

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Note - This is my Vision IAS Notes (Vision IAS Class Notes) and Ashutosh Pandey Sir's Public Administration Class notes. I've also added some of the information on my own. 

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