Socio-Religious Reform Movement
Reform within Sikhism
1. The Nirankari Movement
- It was founded by Baba Dayal Das who was contemporary of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
- He believed in one formless god, i.e., Nirankar.
- He preached against idol worship of Human Gurus, worship of tomb and graves.
- He also introduced simple version of Aanand Karj (Marriage) in the presence of Guru Granth Sahib.
2. Namdhari Movement (Kuka Movement in western Punjab)
- It was started by Bhagat Jawahar Mal in 1814.
- It became a very powerful socio-religious reform movement under Baba Ram Singh.
- He attacked on Caste System, early marriage and female infanticide.
- The followers of Namdhari Movement often came in direct confrontation with the British. In 1872 a group of 62 Namdharis were blown up by the cannons who were protesting against the British.
3. Singh Sabha Movement
- It had two fold objectives -
- To bring benefits of western education to Sikh community.
- To oppose proselytising (conversion) activities of Christian Missionaries, Arya Samaj and Muslim.
- To fulfill their objectives 'Khalsa Schools and Colleges' were established and the first Khalsa College was established at Amritsar in 1892.
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| Golden Temple, Amritsar |
Reform within Parsi religion (Zoroastrianism)
- Reform in Parsi religion was initiated by Dada Bhai Naoroji, Fardoonji Naranji and S.S. Bengali.
- They take up the issues like moving away from orthodox and education of Parsi women.
- They created an organisation called Rehnumai Mazdyasan Sabha and released a magzine Rast Goftar.
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Note - This is my Vision IAS Notes (Vision IAS Class Notes) and Ashutosh Pandey Sir's Public Administration Class notes. I've also added some of the information on my own.
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