Development of Trade Unions & the Rise of Capitalist Class in India
"Accumulation of wealth at one pole is at the same time accumulation of misery, agony of toil, slavery, ignorance, brutality, mental degradation, at the opposite pole"
Karl Marx
Development of Trade Unions
- The first Cotton Mill in India was established in Bombay in 1853.
- The first Jute Mill in India was established in Rishra near Calcutta in 1855.
- The first journal on workers' right was Shramjeevi published by Shashipada Banerjee in 1870.
- Later in 1880, M.N. Lokhanday wrote Dinbandhu. He also created 1st Workers' association - Bombay Mills and Mill Hand Association in 1891.
All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)
- In 1920, under the leadership of Lala Lajpat Rai, All India Trade Union Congree (AITUC) was created.
- By 1930, an ideological factionalism happened in AITUC. One section wanted to affiliated it with the International organisation situated at Moscow while other section wanted to affiliate it with International body at Geneva.
- As such AITUC was divided into Red Trade Union and All India Trade Union Federation.
- In 1938, Due to the efforts of Aacharya Narendra Dev and Jay Prakash Narayan the above two organisations got merged with each other.
Note - Narayan Meghaji Lokhande is regarded as the father of the trade union movement in India.
Capitalist Classes in India
- The Capitalist Classes started to emerge in India during the course of National Movement.
- Swadeshi Movement gave huge impetus to Indian manufacturers in the areas like cotton and iron industry.
- During the World War I also domestic manufacturing sector benefitted due to the decline of imports of British goods in India.
- Moreover, at this point of time, the ailing Tata Steel company was given life line with the contract of Mesopotamian Rail Wagon Project of the British.
- Both Swadeshi and Non-Cooperation Movement were not supported by the major capitalist in India.
- After the end of Non-Cooperation Movement, Capitalist decided to create their own organisation in 1927 which is Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) due to the efforts of Purushottam Das, Thakur Das, G.D. Birla, John Mathai and Ardeshir Dalal.
- Objective of FICCI -
- Nationalisation of Indian industries
- Equitable distribution of resources in masses
- Financial and moral support to the Indian national movement under the leadership of Gandhi ji
- In 1944, they came up with Bombay Plan and declared their extensive support to Corporatization of Banks, financial institutions and industries.
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Note - This is my Vision IAS Notes (Vision IAS Class Notes) and Ashutosh Pandey Sir's Public Administration Class notes. I've also added some of the information on my own.
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